Structuralism

Gérard Genette:

[...] to understand fully the way the language works we must account for the act of stating (énonciation) as well as the statement made (énoncé). In themselves, narrative utterances (énoncés) are often simple and transparent (e.g. Proust's 'For a long time I went to bed early', cited by Genette). Only when the narrative instance is taken into account can the full weight of an utterance's singular narrative meaning be appreciated.